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A cartesian coordinate robot (also called linear robot) is an industrial robot whose three principal axes of control are linear (i.e. they move in a straight line rather than rotate) and are at right angles to each other. Among other advantages, this mechanical arrangement simplifies the Robot control arm solution. Cartesian coordinate robots with the horizontal member supported at both ends are sometimes called Gantry robots. They are often quite large.
A popular application for this type of robot is a computer numerical control machine (CNC machine). The simplest application is used in milling and drawing machines where a pen or router translates across an x-y plane while a tool is raised and lowered onto a surface to create a precise design.
Due to the linear nature of their movements, Cartesian robots are inherently more accurate than rotary motion style robots such as the SCARA. However, typical Cartesian robots have offered a trade-off of lower speed for this greater repeatability. In addition, in the past, Cartesian robots have tended to be larger units, requiring bigger workcells that take up more factory floor space. Not any longer.
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